![]() ![]() A bipolar neuron has one axon and one dendrite extending from the soma. These neurons are not found in vertebrates but are found in insects where they stimulate muscles or glands. Unipolar neurons have only one structure that extends away from the soma. Figure illustrates these four basic neuron types. While there are many defined neuron cell subtypes, neurons are broadly divided into four basic types: unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, and pseudounipolar. Examples include (a) a pyramidal cell from the cerebral cortex, (b) a Purkinje cell from the cerebellar cortex, and (c) olfactory cells from the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. There is great diversity in the size and shape of neurons throughout the nervous system. There is an amazing diversity of neuron shapes and sizes found in different parts of the nervous system (and across species), as illustrated by the neurons shown in Figure. There are different types of neurons, and the functional role of a given neuron is intimately dependent on its structure.
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